K Knowledge HF-D9.3-001 cross-sector 8 skills

Technical understanding

Understands how machines, structures and installations work, recognises causes of failure and explains them using technical and physical principles.

How hrmforce measures this

Test of declarative job knowledge, usually assembled per client.

Level	Behaviour at this level
N1 Guided	Names the parts of a simple machine and explains, using the manual, what function each part has. works under supervision and follows instruction · routine, one variable at a time · own task
N3 Proficient	Independently explains the behaviour of an installation during a fault and traces the problem back to a technical principle. sets own approach and seeks input proactively · several variables, some ambiguity · own team or process
N5 Leading	Develops technical guidelines for the field and is consulted internally and externally on design and failure questions. sets the standard and the policy · strategic, under high uncertainty · organisation, value chain or profession

N2 and N4 are deliberately not anchored. Raters place them between the anchors, following the O*NET convention.

These skills inherit the assessment route and the behavioural anchors of this construct.

T	Skill	Definition	Demand outlook 2026 to 2030
K	Understanding hydraulic principles Hydraulics	Explains how pumps, cylinders and valves work in a hydraulic system using pressure and flow.	stable
K	Understanding pneumatic principles Pneumatics	Explains how compressors, cylinders and control valves work in a compressed air system using pressure and volume.	stable
K	Knowledge of drives and power transmission Power transmission	Knows gears, belts, chains and couplings and calculates gear ratio, torque and rotational speed.	stable
K	Calculating forces and moments Statics	Calculates forces, moments and reaction forces in a simple structure or machine component.	stable
K	Knowledge of material properties Materials science	Knows strength, hardness, corrosion behaviour and formability of steel, aluminium, plastics and composites.	stable
K	Applying heat and flow theory Thermodynamics · Fluid mechanics	Explains heat transfer, pressure loss and flow rate in pipes, heat exchangers and air ducts.	stable
K	Systematically tracing failure causes Root cause analysis	Traces a fault step by step to its cause by combining symptom, system behaviour and elimination.	stable
K	Understanding how a machine works Machine operation principles	Explains how energy, motion and control interact in a machine to produce the product.	stable